Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) could be a deficiency disease caused in the infants beacause of ‘Food Gap’ between the intake and demand. It affects children under 5 years mostly belonging to the poor underprivileged communities. PEM is especially serious during the post- weaning stage and is often associated with infection.
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in children:
1.
KWASHIORKOR:
Kwashiorkor has a peak incidence in children aged 9 months to 2 years, the
onset of malnutrition frequently coinciding with the period of weaning
following a further pregnancy or the birth of a sibling. The diet is depleted
of good protein but has a rough starch content. These babies are often referred
to as ‘sugar babies’.
Clinical
Manifestations of Kwashiorkor-
a) Growth
failure
b) Wasting
of muscles and preservation of body covring fat.
c) Edema
(pitting type)
d) Fatty
liver or liver disease.
e) Psychomotor
retardation( difficulty of walking)
f)
Loss of Appetite
g) Lack of interest in the surrounding
2. Marasmus- Marasmus is characterized by
severe weight reduction and almost total
absence of subcutaneous fat, but there are few
of the clinical stigmata of kwashiorkor. Many sufferers are under the
age of 6 months and may have become marasmic from a variety of causes, including
feeding mismanagement from birth.
Clinical
manifestations of marasmus-
a) Wasting
of subcutaneous fat and muscles.
b) Skin
has some pigmentation or peeling skin lesions.
c) Mood
Swings
d) Mild
skin and hair changes
e) More
prone to infections
f)
Loss of intetest in her/his environment and
inactivity.
g) Moderate
degree of anemia and other deficiencies are also there in the child.
Resource- Homescience book by Neeti Gera and Yuki Azaad Tomar
Very useful information
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